ENHANCED KNOWLEDGE

    Steroids, SARMs & Peptides: an honest guide

    A doctor-written reference for the substances men actually ask about. What each is, why people use it, and what the risks really look like — not the marketing version, not the broscience version.

    Our position

    Enhanced Men does not condone the use of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS), peptides, SARMs, or other performance-enhancing drugs. We actively discourage such use, and our medicolegal obligation is to remind you of the risks involved. We include the names of illegal, non-prescription compounds on this page because we accept that men will and do use them regardless of advice. Our approach is harm reduction — a judgement-free general health service that can monitor you for early signs of organ dysfunction.

    Illegal in New Zealand without a prescription. Anabolic-androgenic steroids are Class C controlled drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 — possession can carry up to 6 months imprisonment, supply up to 8 years. SARMs, peptides, GLP-1s, modafinil and other prescription-only or unapproved medicines sourced outside a NZ pharmacy breach the Medicines Act 1981. Enhanced Men does not prescribe, supply, source or condone the use of any of these substances. This page exists for education and harm reduction — so men already considering or using them get accurate information from a clinician, not a forum.

    This page is general educational information for adults in New Zealand. It is not personal medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Reading this page does not create a doctor–patient relationship with Enhanced Men or any clinician named on this site. For a personalised assessment, book a consultation.

    In an emergency, call 111. For mental health crisis support, call or text 1737 — free, anonymous, 24/7. If reading this page brings up thoughts of self-harm, please reach out.

    Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

    Synthetic derivatives of testosterone. Outside legitimate medical use — TRT for confirmed hypogonadism — AAS carry cardiac, hepatic, endocrine and psychiatric risk that scales with dose and duration. Polycythaemia, cardiomyopathy, suppressed natural testosterone and infertility are predictable, not rare.

    Testosterone cypionate (Depo-Testosterone)

    Long-acting injectable testosterone ester; PHARMAC-funded for primary hypogonadism.

    RisksSupraphysiologic dosing drives polycythaemia, sleep apnoea, HPGA suppression, infertility, mood lability and oestrogen-driven side effects.

    Testosterone enanthate

    Long-acting injectable ester; near-identical pharmacokinetics to cypionate.

    RisksSame profile as cypionate — the dose, not the ester, is the issue.

    Testosterone propionate

    Short-acting ester; frequent injections, fast clearance.

    RisksSame cardiovascular and endocrine profile as longer esters, plus injection-site reactions from frequent dosing.

    Testosterone undecanoate (Andriol, Nebido)

    Oral capsule (Andriol) or long-acting injectable (Nebido, every 10–14 weeks).

    RisksNebido carries a rare risk of pulmonary oil microembolism (POME); Andriol absorption is variable and lipid-dependent.

    Sustanon 250

    Blend of four testosterone esters in one injection.

    RisksSame systemic risks as other testosterone injections; the blend complicates timing of bloods.

    Methyltestosterone

    Oral 17α-alkylated testosterone, rarely used clinically today.

    RisksSignificant hepatotoxicity; obsolete for TRT — safer alternatives exist.

    Trenbolone (Tren, Parabolan, Finajet)

    19-nor injectable AAS with extreme androgenic and anabolic activity; no human medical indication.

    RisksSevere cardiac strain (LVH, sharp HDL crash, arrhythmia), aggression, insomnia, night sweats, renal stress, prolactin-driven gynaecomastia, profound HPGA suppression.

    Nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin, Deca)

    Long-acting 19-nor; used historically for anaemia, osteoporosis, HIV wasting.

    RisksPersistent HPGA suppression (often >12 months post-use), 'Deca dick' (low libido / ED), prolactin elevation, slow clearance complicating PCT.

    Nandrolone phenylpropionate (NPP)

    Short-ester nandrolone, faster clearance than Deca.

    RisksSame nandrolone profile; faster ester does not eliminate HPGA suppression or prolactin issues.

    Boldenone undecylenate (Equipoise, EQ)

    Veterinary 1-test analogue, long-acting; popular for slow lean gains.

    RisksMarked rise in red cell mass and haematocrit; hypertension; mood agitation; very long detection window.

    Drostanolone (Masteron, Mast)

    DHT-derivative; aesthetic 'hardening' compound, no current medical role.

    RisksAccelerated androgenic side effects (hair loss, acne, prostatic enlargement); lipid changes; HPGA suppression.

    Methenolone (Primobolan, Primo)

    Mild DHT-derivative; oral (acetate) or injectable (enanthate).

    RisksFrequently counterfeited and underdosed; still suppresses HPGA; oral form is hepatotoxic.

    Stanozolol (Winstrol, Winny)

    Oral or injectable 17α-alkylated AAS; historic use in hereditary angioedema.

    RisksHepatotoxicity, severe joint dryness, tendon-rupture risk, sharp HDL drop, hair loss in predisposed men.

    Methandrostenolone (Dianabol, Dbol)

    Oral 17α-alkylated AAS, rapid strength and mass gains.

    RisksHepatotoxicity, oestrogen conversion (gynaecomastia, water retention), hypertension, rapid HPGA suppression.

    Oxandrolone (Anavar, Var)

    Oral DHT-derivative; prescribed historically for burn recovery and weight regain.

    RisksFrequently counterfeited (often substituted with dianabol or winstrol); mild hepatotoxicity; HDL suppression; HPGA suppression even at 'low' doses.

    Oxymetholone (Anadrol, A50, A-bombs)

    Oral 17α-alkylated AAS originally for anaemia.

    RisksHepatotoxicity at higher doses; significant water retention and blood pressure rise; mood disturbance; oestrogenic side effects despite not aromatising.

    Methasterone (Superdrol, Sdrol)

    Oral 'designer' AAS, sold as supplement until banned; a Masteron derivative.

    RisksSevere hepatotoxicity — multiple case reports of cholestatic hepatitis and liver failure; aggressive HDL crash; mood changes.

    Mesterolone (Proviron)

    Oral DHT-derivative used historically for low libido / fertility support and to lower SHBG.

    RisksStrong DHT effects — accelerated hair loss, prostatic enlargement; HPGA suppression at higher doses.

    Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin, Halo)

    Oral 17α-alkylated AAS used pre-event in boxing and strongman.

    RisksSevere hepatotoxicity, marked aggression and mood lability, lipid disruption.

    Methyltrienolone (Metribolone, M3, R1881)

    Research compound — extremely potent oral trenbolone analogue.

    RisksProfound hepatotoxicity even at microgram doses; rarely used due to toxicity.

    Trestolone (MENT)

    Highly anabolic 19-nor in trials for male contraception.

    RisksComplete HPGA shutdown; aromatises to a potent oestrogen (7α-methyl-oestradiol); oestrogen-driven side effects can be severe.

    Dihydroboldenone (DHB, 1-Test Cyp)

    Veterinary AAS; non-aromatising boldenone analogue.

    RisksPainful injection-site reactions (PIP), androgenic side effects, lipid changes, HPGA suppression.

    Methyl-1-testosterone (M1T)

    Oral 'designer' AAS sold pre-2005.

    RisksSevere hepatotoxicity, aggression, mood changes.

    Mibolerone (Cheque Drops)

    Veterinary AAS originally for canine oestrus suppression.

    RisksExtreme hepatotoxicity, aggression — used pre-fight in 1980s combat sports; not safe for human use.

    SARMs (Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators)

    Non-steroidal androgen receptor binders marketed as 'side-effect-free anabolics'. Reality: human safety data is sparse, every well-studied SARM suppresses the HPGA, several are flagged hepatotoxic, and a growing case series links them to drug-induced liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis and cardiac events.

    Ostarine (MK-2866, S-22, Enobosarm)

    Most-studied SARM; trials in muscle wasting and sarcopenia.

    RisksHPGA suppression at typical 'cycle' doses; multiple case reports of drug-induced liver injury; oestrogen-related side effects; banned in elite sport.

    Andarine (S-4)

    Early-generation SARM, abandoned in development.

    RisksYellow tint to vision (reversible), HPGA suppression, lipid changes.

    Cardarine (GW-501516, Endurobol)

    PPAR-δ agonist (not a true SARM); marketed for endurance.

    RisksDiscontinued by GSK after rodent studies showed dose-dependent carcinogenicity across multiple organs; WADA-banned.

    Ligandrol (LGD-4033)

    Potent SARM, trials in muscle wasting.

    RisksStrong HPGA suppression after short use; case reports of drug-induced liver injury and myocarditis.

    LGD-3033

    Earlier ligandrol analogue claimed to be more receptor-selective.

    RisksEven less human data than LGD-4033; likely same HPGA and hepatic profile.

    Testolone (RAD-140)

    High-affinity SARM; originally investigated for breast cancer and muscle wasting.

    RisksDocumented case reports of severe drug-induced liver injury and autoimmune hepatitis; cardiovascular events; aggressive HPGA suppression.

    Stenabolic (SR9009)

    REV-ERB agonist marketed as 'exercise in a bottle'.

    RisksOral bioavailability is essentially zero — most product sold is inactive or contains undeclared compounds.

    YK-11

    Myostatin pathway modulator with a steroidal backbone — closer to an AAS than a SARM.

    RisksHepatotoxicity, HPGA suppression, mood and cardiovascular effects akin to oral AAS.

    ACP-105

    Selective androgen receptor agonist in early development.

    RisksMinimal human data; SARM-class HPGA suppression assumed.

    S-23

    Highly anabolic SARM trialled for male contraception.

    RisksComplete HPGA shutdown observed in animal contraceptive studies; very limited safety data.

    Ibutamoren (MK-677)

    Oral ghrelin mimetic / GH secretagogue — often grouped with SARMs but acts on the GH/IGF-1 axis.

    RisksIncreased appetite and water retention; insulin resistance and elevated fasting glucose; raised cortisol and prolactin; cardiovascular events at higher doses.

    Growth Hormone & Secretagogues

    Recombinant human growth hormone and compounds that stimulate endogenous GH/IGF-1 release. PHARMAC funds GH for narrow paediatric and adult indications. Off-label 'anti-ageing' or athletic use is unapproved, expensive, and clinically risky.

    Human growth hormone (Norditropin, Genotropin, Humatrope, Saizen, Omnitrope, Zomacton)

    Recombinant somatropin; injected daily or as long-acting formulations.

    RisksInsulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, carpal tunnel, oedema, acromegalic features (jaw/hand growth), increased cancer mortality with chronic supraphysiologic use.

    IGF-1 LR3

    Long-acting modified IGF-1; injected for direct anabolic effect.

    RisksSevere hypoglycaemia, organ enlargement, tumour-growth signal in preclinical work.

    IGF-1 DES (1-3)

    Short truncated IGF-1 variant.

    RisksSame hypoglycaemia risk; minimal human data.

    Mechano Growth Factor (MGF)

    IGF-1 splice variant claimed to drive muscle satellite cell proliferation.

    RisksAlmost no human safety data; mostly counterfeit on the grey market.

    CJC-1295 (with or without DAC)

    GHRH analogue; the DAC version has extended half-life.

    RisksCortisol and prolactin elevation; water retention; potential downregulation of natural GH pulse.

    GHRP-6 / GHRP-2

    Ghrelin mimetics that drive a GH pulse.

    RisksHunger spikes, water retention, cortisol/prolactin rise; tachyphylaxis with chronic use.

    Ipamorelin

    Selective GH secretagogue, fewer prolactin/cortisol effects than GHRPs.

    RisksStill drives insulin resistance with chronic use; sourcing is unregulated.

    Hexarelin

    Potent GHRP; older compound.

    RisksSignificant cortisol and prolactin elevation; rapid desensitisation of GH response.

    Sermorelin

    GHRH (1-29) fragment; medically used to test pituitary function.

    RisksGenerally mild profile but unapproved for anti-ageing or athletic use.

    Tesamorelin (Egrifta)

    GHRH analogue, FDA-approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy.

    RisksInsulin resistance, oedema, joint pain; cost-prohibitive off-label.

    Healing & Recovery Peptides

    Marketed for tendon, joint, gut and wound healing. Most have animal or in-vitro evidence; rigorous human RCTs are limited or absent. Unregulated supply means purity, dose and identity are rarely what the label claims.

    BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound)

    Synthetic fragment derived from human gastric juice; marketed for tendon and gut healing.

    RisksNo published human RCTs; injectable supply is unregulated; theoretical angiogenic effect raises tumour-growth concerns with chronic use.

    TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment)

    Promoted for soft-tissue and vascular healing.

    RisksSame evidence gap as BPC-157; angiogenic activity creates a theoretical tumour-growth concern.

    GHK-Cu (copper peptide)

    Endogenous tripeptide bound to copper; topical use in skin repair has stronger evidence than injection.

    RisksInjectable use is poorly studied; copper accumulation is possible.

    Thymosin Alpha-1 (Zadaxin)

    Immunomodulatory peptide used in some countries for chronic hepatitis B/C.

    RisksNot licensed in NZ; flu-like symptoms; can flare autoimmune conditions.

    KPV

    Tripeptide derivative of α-MSH; anti-inflammatory mucosal effects in animal IBD models.

    RisksMinimal human data; oral and injectable supply unregulated.

    LL-37

    Antimicrobial peptide.

    RisksSourcing unreliable; possible mast cell activation and pro-inflammatory effects.

    Pentadeca Arginate (PDA)

    Newer stabilised analogue marketed as a BPC-157 successor.

    RisksEssentially no human safety data; same theoretical concerns as BPC-157.

    Fat Loss Compounds

    From regulated GLP-1 medicines to dangerous DIY chemistry. The label 'fat burner' covers compounds with vastly different risk profiles. Supervised options exist; the unsupervised ones are where the deaths happen.

    Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)

    GLP-1 receptor agonist; FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity. PHARMAC-funded for diabetes in NZ.

    RisksNausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, gallstones, gastroparesis; loss of lean mass without resistance training; rebound weight gain on cessation; rodent black-box warning for medullary thyroid cancer.

    Tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound)

    Dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist; greater weight loss than semaglutide head-to-head.

    RisksSame GI side-effect profile as semaglutide; longer-term safety data still accruing.

    Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza)

    Earlier-generation daily GLP-1 agonist.

    RisksGI side effects, pancreatitis, injection-site reactions.

    Retatrutide

    Triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist in late-phase trials.

    RisksNot yet approved; same GI concerns; cardiovascular signal under evaluation.

    Orlistat (Xenical)

    Pancreatic lipase inhibitor.

    RisksSteatorrhoea, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency; modest weight loss.

    Phentermine

    Sympathomimetic appetite suppressant.

    RisksHypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, dependence; contraindicated with cardiovascular disease.

    Naltrexone/Bupropion (Contrave)

    Combination targeting reward and appetite circuits.

    RisksLowered seizure threshold, blood pressure rise, sleep disturbance, psychiatric effects.

    AOD9604 / HGH fragment 176-191

    C-terminal fragment of HGH marketed as fat-mobilising.

    RisksHuman evidence for fat-loss effect is weak; sourcing is unregulated; legal status varies.

    5-Amino-1MQ

    NNMT inhibitor under preclinical study for fat oxidation.

    RisksNo human safety data; oral grey-market products of unknown purity.

    T3 / Liothyronine (Cytomel)

    Active thyroid hormone; potent metabolic accelerator.

    RisksSuppression of endogenous thyroid axis, arrhythmia, bone loss, muscle loss; rebound hypothyroidism on cessation.

    T4 / Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

    Pro-hormone form of thyroid hormone.

    RisksOff-label fat-loss use is unjustified; arrhythmia, osteoporosis, suppression of natural thyroid output.

    Clenbuterol

    Long-acting β2-agonist; veterinary bronchodilator.

    RisksTachycardia, palpitations, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with prolonged use, tremor, hypokalaemia, anxiety.

    SLU-PP-332

    ERR agonist in preclinical study marketed as an 'exercise mimetic'.

    RisksNo human safety data; bioavailability of oral product is unknown; entirely unregulated supply.

    DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol)

    Mitochondrial uncoupler; banned for human use after deaths in the 1930s.

    RisksFatal hyperthermia, cataracts, rhabdomyolysis, multi-organ failure. Regularly causes deaths — no antidote exists. Do not use under any circumstance.

    ECA stack (Ephedrine + Caffeine + Aspirin)

    Classic 1990s sympathomimetic fat-burner.

    RisksHypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, anxiety, stroke; ephedrine is restricted in NZ.

    Yohimbine HCl

    α2-antagonist; targeted fat mobilisation, often pre-cardio fasted.

    RisksAnxiety, panic, tachycardia, hypertension; interacts with antidepressants.

    Sexual Function & ED

    PDE5 inhibitors (regulated, evidence-based) sit alongside experimental melanocortin agonists and injectable mixtures with limited safety data.

    Sildenafil (Viagra)

    PDE5 inhibitor; first-line ED therapy.

    RisksHeadache, flushing, dyspepsia; contraindicated with nitrates (risk of severe hypotension); rare NAION (sudden vision loss).

    Tadalafil (Cialis)

    Long-acting PDE5 inhibitor; daily low-dose option.

    RisksSame class effects as sildenafil; longer half-life means longer drug-interaction window.

    Vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn)

    PDE5 inhibitor with sharper peak.

    RisksQT prolongation in susceptible patients; same nitrate contraindication.

    Avanafil (Stendra)

    Newer fast-onset PDE5 inhibitor.

    RisksClass-typical side effects; less drug-interaction data than sildenafil/tadalafil.

    PT-141 / Bremelanotide (Vyleesi)

    Melanocortin receptor agonist; approved in the US for low libido in women.

    RisksNausea (very common), transient hypertension, focal hyperpigmentation, headache; off-label male use is unstudied.

    Kisspeptin-10

    Peptide that stimulates GnRH release; under research for libido and fertility.

    RisksNo approved formulation; sourcing is unregulated; long-term safety unknown.

    Trimix / Bimix (alprostadil + papaverine ± phentolamine)

    Compounded intracavernosal injection for severe ED.

    RisksPriapism (>4 hr erection requiring emergency reversal), penile fibrosis with repeated use, injection-site bruising.

    Alprostadil (Caverject, Muse)

    PGE1 analogue; injectable or intraurethral.

    RisksPriapism, injection-site pain, urethral burning (Muse).

    Cabergoline

    Dopamine agonist; clinical use for prolactinoma; off-label for prolactin-driven sexual dysfunction.

    RisksCardiac valvulopathy with chronic high doses, postural hypotension, impulse-control disorders.

    Bromocriptine

    Older dopamine agonist; same indications as cabergoline.

    RisksWorse GI tolerability than cabergoline; same valvulopathy concern.

    Tanning Peptides

    Synthetic melanocortin receptor agonists marketed for tan or aesthetic effect. Not approved for cosmetic use in NZ.

    Melanotan I (MT-I, Afamelanotide, Scenesse)

    Approved in NZ/EU/US for erythropoietic protoporphyria; implantable.

    RisksPigment changes including darkening of moles (requires baseline and ongoing dermatology review), GI upset, headache.

    Melanotan II (MT-II)

    Unregulated injectable, sold for tanning and libido (precursor to PT-141).

    RisksNausea, flushing, hypertension, atypical melanocytic lesion changes; case reports of new melanomas in users — moles should be reviewed before and during use.

    Cognitive / Nootropic Peptides

    Mostly Russian-origin peptides marketed for focus, mood and neuroprotection. Animal data is the bulk of the evidence base; Western clinical use is limited.

    Semax

    ACTH-derived heptapeptide; used in Russia for stroke and cognitive disorders.

    RisksLimited Western trial data; intranasal route reasonable, injectable supply unregulated.

    Selank

    Tuftsin analogue; anxiolytic claims.

    RisksSame evidence gap as Semax; long-term effects unknown.

    DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide)

    Endogenous neuropeptide marketed for sleep.

    RisksHuman evidence for sleep effect is weak; injectable sources unregulated.

    Dihexa

    Angiotensin IV analogue with strong nootropic claims.

    RisksAlmost no human safety data; molecular potency at synapses unstudied long-term.

    Cerebrolysin

    Porcine-brain-derived peptide mixture; injectable; used in some countries for stroke and dementia.

    RisksAllergic reactions, source-related infection concerns, mixed efficacy in modern meta-analyses.

    Pinealon

    Russian peptide bioregulator marketed for cognition and longevity.

    RisksNo published RCTs of meaningful quality.

    Longevity / Anti-Ageing Compounds

    Compounds marketed for healthspan extension. Most have promising preclinical data, sparse human RCT data and active investigation. Buying off-label is buying tomorrow's safety data with today's body.

    Epitalon

    Synthetic tetrapeptide claimed to upregulate telomerase.

    RisksNo Western RCT evidence; injectable sources unregulated; theoretical telomerase concerns regarding cancer.

    MOTS-c

    Mitochondrial-derived peptide under preclinical study for insulin sensitivity.

    RisksNegligible human safety data; grey-market product purity is unverified.

    Rapamycin / Sirolimus

    mTOR inhibitor; used clinically as an immunosuppressant.

    RisksImmunosuppression, dyslipidaemia, mouth ulcers, glucose intolerance; longevity dosing regimens are unvalidated.

    Metformin (longevity context)

    Biguanide for type 2 diabetes; under study for ageing.

    RisksGI side effects, B12 deficiency, rare lactic acidosis; may blunt exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations.

    NAD+ (IV / injection)

    Cofactor marketed for energy, recovery and ageing.

    RisksFlushing, anxiety, GI distress during infusion; cost-prohibitive vs precursor oral supplements.

    NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)

    NAD+ precursor.

    RisksGenerally well tolerated; long-term safety unknown; some concern about driving methylation/folate demand.

    NR (Nicotinamide Riboside)

    Alternative NAD+ precursor.

    RisksSame long-term uncertainty as NMN; theoretical concern with stimulating proliferation in occult cancers.

    Spermidine

    Polyamine marketed for autophagy.

    RisksGenerally benign in dietary doses; supplementary doses lack human RCTs.

    Resveratrol

    Polyphenol with extensive preclinical literature.

    RisksLimited human translation; oestrogenic activity; GI upset at high doses.

    HPGA / Fertility / PCT Drugs

    Drugs used to restore endogenous testosterone production after AAS suppression, or to treat male infertility. Several are PHARMAC-funded for legitimate indications and require monitoring.

    HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

    LH-mimetic that stimulates testicular testosterone production; used for hypogonadism, fertility, and post-cycle restart.

    RisksOestrogen rise (gynaecomastia, water retention), desensitisation of Leydig cells at high doses, headache, mood changes.

    HMG (Menopur)

    Mixture of LH and FSH activity for severe fertility cases.

    RisksMultifollicular response in female partners; in male use, mainly cost and injection burden.

    Recombinant FSH (Gonal-F, Puregon)

    FSH analogue for spermatogenesis restoration.

    RisksLocal injection reactions; rare ovarian hyperstimulation in female partners during fertility treatment.

    Clomiphene (Clomid)

    SERM; raises LH/FSH and endogenous testosterone.

    RisksMood changes, blurred vision (Clomid-specific), oestrogenic side effects from the zuclomiphene isomer; rarely used long-term.

    Enclomiphene

    Trans-isomer of clomiphene without zuclomiphene; cleaner mood profile.

    RisksSame mechanism of LH/FSH rise; not currently PHARMAC-funded in NZ.

    Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

    SERM; used in PCT to block oestrogen feedback at the pituitary and to treat gynaecomastia.

    RisksHot flushes, mood changes, rare DVT/PE; depletes IGF-1.

    Toremifene

    Newer SERM, similar profile to tamoxifen.

    RisksSimilar side-effect profile; less long-term safety data.

    Raloxifene

    SERM; superior at displacing oestrogen from breast tissue (used in gynaecomastia).

    RisksDVT risk, hot flushes.

    Anastrozole (Arimidex)

    Aromatase inhibitor; blocks oestrogen synthesis.

    RisksCrashing oestrogen too low → joint pain, libido loss, dyslipidaemia, bone density loss.

    Letrozole (Femara)

    Stronger AI; commonly overused in AAS cycles.

    RisksMore aggressive oestrogen suppression than anastrozole; same bone, joint and libido concerns.

    Exemestane (Aromasin)

    Steroidal ('suicide') AI; covalently inactivates aromatase.

    RisksSame oestrogen-deficiency syndrome; theoretically less rebound; mild androgenic profile of its own.

    Hair Loss Compounds

    Approved oral and topical options vs. DIY research compounds. The evidence base diverges sharply. Hair loss has good treatments — there's no need to reach for unstudied molecules.

    Finasteride (Propecia)

    Oral 5α-reductase type II inhibitor; reduces scalp DHT.

    RisksSmall risk of sexual or mood side effects; post-finasteride syndrome (PFS) is debated but documented in case series.

    Dutasteride (Avodart)

    Stronger dual 5α-reductase inhibitor; suppresses DHT more profoundly.

    RisksSame risk class as finasteride, larger magnitude; longer half-life means recovery on cessation is slower.

    Topical finasteride / dutasteride

    Compounded topical formulations claiming reduced systemic exposure.

    RisksVariable absorption — systemic effects are not eliminated; compounding quality is variable.

    Minoxidil (Rogaine) — topical and oral low-dose

    Vasodilator; mechanism in hair growth incompletely understood; oral low-dose increasingly used off-label.

    RisksTopical: scalp irritation, paradoxical shedding initially. Oral: fluid retention, tachycardia, body hair growth, rare pericardial effusion.

    RU58841

    Topical anti-androgen popular in DIY hair-loss communities.

    RisksEssentially no human safety data; sourcing is unregulated and product purity is variable.

    Pyrilutamide / Fluridil

    Topical anti-androgens in early-phase trials.

    RisksSparse human data; long-term scalp and systemic safety unknown.

    Setipiprant

    DP2 antagonist trialled then abandoned for hair loss.

    RisksNo efficacy benefit shown; abandoned for that indication.

    Stemoxydine

    Topical compound marketed as a hypoxia-mimetic for hair stem cells.

    RisksModest evidence base; generally well tolerated.

    Ketoconazole shampoo (Nizoral)

    Antifungal with anti-androgen activity at the scalp.

    RisksMild scalp irritation; useful adjunct but won't replace finasteride/dutasteride.

    Saw palmetto, pumpkin seed oil

    Botanical 5α-reductase inhibitor claims.

    RisksMild effect at best; not a replacement for proven therapy.

    Microneedling

    In-office or home derma-roller; potentiates minoxidil response.

    RisksInfection if poor hygiene; bruising; needs proper depth and frequency to be effective.

    Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)

    Autologous growth-factor injections; modest evidence in androgenetic alopecia.

    RisksInjection discomfort, bruising, transient inflammation; effects diminish without maintenance.

    Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)

    FDA-cleared red-light combs and caps.

    RisksAdjunct effect at best; expensive devices with modest absolute benefit.

    Synthetic Nootropics & Cognitive Enhancers

    Prescription wakefulness agents alongside unregulated 'smart drugs'. Risk varies enormously — from well-studied modafinil to substances with documented dependence and deaths.

    Modafinil (Provigil)

    Wakefulness-promoting agent; PHARMAC-funded for narcolepsy in NZ.

    RisksHeadache, insomnia, anxiety; rare Stevens-Johnson syndrome; off-label use carries dependence and tolerance risk.

    Armodafinil (Nuvigil)

    R-enantiomer of modafinil; longer duration.

    RisksSame profile as modafinil.

    Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

    Stimulant for ADHD; controlled in NZ.

    RisksHypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, dependence; cardiovascular risk in undiagnosed structural heart disease.

    Amphetamine salts (Adderall)

    Stimulant ADHD medication; not licensed in NZ.

    RisksCardiovascular events, psychiatric effects, high dependence potential.

    Piracetam family (piracetam, aniracetam, oxiracetam, phenylpiracetam, pramiracetam)

    Original 'racetam' nootropics.

    RisksGenerally well tolerated; modest evidence in cognitive enhancement; phenylpiracetam is WADA-banned.

    Noopept

    Russian peptide-like nootropic.

    RisksLimited long-term data; irritability and headache reported.

    Bromantane

    Russian psychostimulant.

    RisksLimited Western data; WADA-banned.

    Fasoracetam, Coluracetam

    Investigational racetams with cholinergic and glutamatergic effects.

    RisksSparse human safety data.

    Alpha-GPC, Citicoline (CDP-choline)

    Choline precursors; modest cognitive effect, often stacked with racetams.

    RisksGenerally benign; alpha-GPC has a theoretical stroke-risk signal in one observational study.

    Methylene blue

    Old dye with monoamine oxidase inhibitor activity; biohacker favourite.

    RisksSerotonin syndrome with SSRIs; G6PD deficiency triggers haemolysis; blue staining of urine and mucosa.

    Lion's mane

    Mushroom with NGF-stimulating compounds in vitro.

    RisksGenerally benign; case reports of contact dermatitis and rare rebound depressive symptoms.

    Dangerous DIY Compounds

    Marketed as nootropics, sleep aids, or fat burners but with documented severe harms — deaths, dependence, and withdrawal that often outpaces the benefits people sought.

    DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol)

    Mitochondrial uncoupler used illicitly for rapid fat loss.

    RisksFatal hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, cataracts, multi-organ failure. Regularly kills users — no antidote exists. Do not use.

    Phenibut

    GABA-B agonist sold as a calming / nootropic.

    RisksTolerance develops within days; severe physical dependence with seizure risk on withdrawal; respiratory depression with alcohol or opioids.

    Tianeptine

    Atypical antidepressant in some countries; activates mu-opioid receptors.

    RisksOpioid-like dependence and withdrawal; deaths reported; multiple US states have scheduled it.

    Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)

    Botanical with opioid-receptor activity at higher doses.

    RisksDependence, withdrawal, hepatotoxicity, contaminated batches; deaths in combination with other CNS depressants.

    'Designer benzodiazepines' (etizolam, clonazolam, flubromazolam)

    Research-chemical benzodiazepine analogues sold online.

    RisksExtreme potency, blackouts, respiratory depression, severe physical dependence with seizure-risk withdrawal.

    Important notes — please read

    Not exhaustive. The risks listed against each compound are the major or most-documented ones, not every possible adverse event. Many compounds carry harms that only emerge with chronic use, supraphysiologic dosing, polypharmacy, or in particular individuals.

    Individual risk varies. Risk and effect depend on dose, frequency, duration, route, individual genetics, pre-existing conditions, other medications, and the actual purity of what you have. Two men taking the same compound can have very different outcomes.

    Counterfeit and contamination risk. Substances sourced outside a regulated New Zealand pharmacy frequently contain the wrong active ingredient, the wrong dose, or contaminants (heavy metals, undeclared compounds, bacterial endotoxins). Even the best harm reduction cannot protect you against a vial that contains the wrong drug entirely.

    Evidence is evolving. Particularly for SARMs, peptides, and newer biologics, the safety evidence base is incomplete and is changing. Information on this page reflects published evidence as of the last review; it may be incomplete or outdated by the time you read it.

    No prescription, regardless. Nothing on this page is an offer or commitment to prescribe any anabolic-androgenic steroid, SARM, growth hormone, or other performance-enhancing substance. Enhanced Men prescribes only within mainstream evidence-based indications under New Zealand law.

    Report adverse events. If you experience a side effect or suspected drug reaction in New Zealand, report it to Medsafe via the Centre for Adverse Reactions Monitoring (CARM) at nzphvc.otago.ac.nz/reporting, or speak to a pharmacist, prescriber, or your GP.

    External links. Links to external sites (PubMed, government bodies, third-party tools) are provided for reference only and do not imply endorsement of those sites' content, services, or commercial offerings.

    Jurisdiction. This information is written for adults (18+) physically located in New Zealand. Legal status, drug scheduling, and access to medicines differ in other jurisdictions; if you are not in New Zealand, consult local regulations and clinicians.

    Last clinical review: May 2026. Author: NZ-registered medical doctor practising at Enhanced Men.

    Already using? Get monitored properly.

    No judgement, no reporting. If you're using anything on this page, you should have a clinician who actually knows what you're taking and can run the right bloods around it.

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